Page 30 - مفاهيم شعبة علمى رياضة- الصف الثالث الثانوي

‫مفاهيم اللغة الإنجليزية (لغة أولى) الصف الثالث الثانوي‬

Reported speech

● Direct speech is a way of saying what someone said, using quotation marks.
Jack said, “I visited Luxor last week”.

● Indirect /Reported speech is used to report what someone has said without using quotation marks.
Jack said that he had visited Luxor the week before.

Reported statements

In reported statements, ...
● we use told instead of said to. Said remains as it is. We can use other reporting verbs instead of said suchas

stated, declared, explained …etc.
● we can use that between the reporting verb and the statement.
● we usually move verb tenses one step back and change pronouns according to the meaning.

{Present simple ➞ past simple / present continuous ➞ past continuous / present perfect ➞ past perfect
/ will go ➞ would go…etc.}
“I will visit my relatives in Tanta,” Leila said.
Leila said that she would visit her relatives in Tanta.

● we usually make changes to time and place words and phrases: tomorrow ➞ the next / the following day
- yesterday ➞ the day before/the previous day- this week ➞ that week / here ➞ there …etc.
She said to me, “I bought a new mobile last week”.
She told me that she had bought a new mobile the week before.

● past perfect verbs and past modal verbs don‟t change.
Yasmeen said, “I could solve the problem after I had discussed it with my parents”. Yasmeen
said that she could solve the problem after she had discussed it with her parents.

● we don‟t change the tense when we report a fact and when someone says something now or aroundnow.
Adel says, “I am ready for the trip”. Adel says
that he is ready for the trip.
“Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System,” the teacher said. The
teacher said that Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System.

Reported questions

In reported questions, ...

● we use asked instead of said to and we use asked, inquired or wanted to know instead of said.

● for Yes/ No questions, we add if/whether between the reporting verb and the question.

She said, “Do you like reading short stories?” She asked if / whether I liked reading short stories.

● we change tense verbs, pronouns and time / place words as we do in reported statements.

● in wh-questions, we don‟t use if / whether: we use the same question word.
● we change the word order. Question marks are not used.

Tamer said, “What are you doing now?” Tamer inquired what I was doing then

My friend said, “When did you return from London?” My friend asked me when I had returned from London.

Reported orders, suggestions and advice

● We usually report orders, suggestions and advice with a reporting verb + object + (not) to + infinitive.
● Verbs which are followed by object + (not) to + infinitive: advise, ask, encourage, instruct, order, tell, urge,

and warn: The teacher said to us, “Revise the lesson again”. The teacher advised us to revise the lesson again.

The policeman said to me, “Don’t drive so fast”. The policeman instructed me not to drive so fast.

● Suggest and recommend are followed by verb + -ing or that + subject + infinitive without to.
Rami said, “Let’s go to the library”. Rami suggested going to the library.
Dalia said to me, “You should follow the doctor‟s advice”. Dalia recommended following the doctor‟s advice.
I said to Heba ,”You should avoid repeating mistakes”.

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