Page 19 - مفاهيم شعبة علمى علوم - الصف الثالث الثانوي

‫مفاهيم اللغة الإنجليزية (لغة أولى) الصف الثالث الثانوي‬

Note: Use infinitive + ing after before and after if there is no subject after them:
Before going home, I had bought some bread.

Past perfect continuous

She had been waiting for a long time when I arrived.
Had you been watching TV when that stranger knocked on the door?
Had you been waiting for a long time when I arrived?

Uses of the past perfect continuous:

● to emphasise that the activity had been continuing for some time before another action in the past.Compare:

I studied before I went to bed. I‟d been studying for two hours before I went to bed.

● to talk about how long something had been happening:
She‟d been studying for four hours when the computer broke down.

Note: Don‟t use the past perfect continuous when you use sense verbs or say how many times you
did/reportedthe action:

I had sent ten emails before I left the office. They had known each other for ten years before they became partners!

Present simple, continuous
and continuous

Uses of the present simple
● for actions, facts or for situations that are always or usually true: The moon orbits the Earth. / We live inthe
centre of Cairo.
● for habits and repeated actions: Children often help their parents and grandparents to do things.

Frequency adverbs
● Use frequency adverbs with present simple verbs to say how often something happens. Common
frequency adverbs: never >> sometimes >> often >> usually >> always
● Frequency adverbs are usually before present simple verbs: We always help our parents whenthey‟re busy.

Note: frequency adverbs come after the verb be: It is usually sunny in my country.
We use present simple after time conjunctions to express future: After Jack reaches London, he will sendus an email.

 Both the present perfect simple (have/has + past participle) and the present perfect continuous

(have/ has + been + verb -ing) are used to talk about actionsor situations which started in the past, but are still
connected to the present. The actions are either still happening, they finished a very short time ago or theyhave a direct
effect on the present.

Present continuous

Uses of the present continuous (am/is/are + present participle)

● to describe a temporary situation that is happening now: I‟m staying in Paris for six months in January.

● to describe a current situation which is different to a past situation:

Young people aren’t talking to each other on the phone these days.

● to describe an action happening at a specific time in the future (future arrangement):

We are travelling to London tomorrow; we‟ve got our visas and booked the tickets.

● to describe an action that people do again and again: Why is he always making so much noise?

19

3