Page 39 - مفاهيم شعبة علمى علوم - الصف الثالث الثانوي

‫مفاهيم اللغة الإنجليزية (لغة أولى) الصف الثالث الثانوي‬

“I‟m coming home late tonight,” my father said.

Colons (:)
● Use colons to introduce lists

There are three main reasons for the success of the government: challenging work, determination and
patience.
● Use a colon between sentences when the second sentence explains or justifies the first sentence.
Try to keep calm during the interview: this will cause a good impression.

Semicolon (;)
● Use the semicolon between two independent clauses linked by a transitional expression (e.g., accordingly,

consequently, for example, nevertheless, so, thus).
● Heavy rain had continued to fall at the airport; consequently, all flights were canceled.

Apostrophe

● Use an apostrophe with an s (‟s) to show who owns something. The‟s is added after singular nouns or

names.

This is our aunt‟s house.

● When a name or a singular noun ends in -s, either add an apostrophe or an apostrophe as well as another (s).

This is Charles‟s phone. These are James‟ books My father is at his boss‟s party

● For plural nouns that end in -s, put the apostrophe after the -s. Miss Leila is marking her pupils‟

work.

● When plural nouns do not end in -s, just add‟s to these plural nouns. Doctors look after people‟s health.

● To make a possessive form of two people joined by and, such as Rami and Sameh, or Mary and Anne,

put‟s only after the second name. We were at Eman and Ahmad‟s party.

● The apostrophe can also be used to show that one or more letters in a contraction have been left out.

We‟ll come to your party, but Sue won‟t be able to come. She‟s meeting her uncle at the airport.

Quotation marks (“)

● In direct speech, we enclose what is said within a pair of single or double quotation marks, although single
quotation marks are becoming more common.

Wael said, “I haven‟t put those shelves up yet”.

She said, “Where is the nearest fish restaurant?” “I‟m coming home late tonight,” my father said.

● We can put quotation marks around titles. Have you watched the famous film „Titanic‟?

● We can use quotation marks when we mention a word or phrase in a sentence.

What does „punctuation‟ mean?

Hyphen (-)

● Use a hyphen to join two or more words together into a compound term. Do not separate the

words withspaces. My eight-year-old boy loves reading

Do you have sugar-free cookies?
● Don‟t use a hyphen if the compound adjective follows the noun it describes.

English is widely spoken. We use a widely-spoken language.

Use a hyphen to link prefixes to words. These things happened before the pre-enlightenment e r a .

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