Page 30 - مفاهيم شعبة علمى علوم - الصف الثالث الثانوي

‫مفاهيم اللغة الإنجليزية (لغة أولى) الصف الثالث الثانوي‬

Modal verbs are used for degrees of possibility, ability and permission. They are also used for requests,
suggestions and advice.
● can / can’t + infinitive without to is used to talk about possibility, present ability and permission:
We can’t see the stars very clearly tonight. (possibility)
I can usually cope with difficult situations. (present ability)
You can talk to the teachers in ten minutes. (permission)
● could/couldn‟t + infinitive without to is used to talk about possibility and past ability.
When I was six, I could ride a bike, but I couldn’t swim. (past ability)
● have to / don’t have to is used to say that something is necessary/not necessary:
Students have to do their school work and take exams. (necessary)
You don’t have to read every page in the book. (not necessary)
● might is used to show that we think there‟s a small chance that something will happen, but it‟s still possible:
I might visit you next week; I haven‟t decided yet.
● should / shouldn’t + infinitive without to is used that say that it is or isn‟t a good idea to do something,for
example when giving advice:
You should spend more time on self-care.You shouldn’t hesitate to ask for help.
● Use should/ought to have + past participle to express regret (for doing or not doing an
action inthe past.)
● You shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have wasted your time playing on your cell phone. Now your
gradesare quite low.
● use must/mustn’t+ infinitive for a rule, law, warm invitation and strong advice:You mustn’t talk in
the library. You must wash your hands before you eat.You must come and have dinner with us.

Modal verbs for making deductions about the past:
must, can’t/couldn’t, may/might

Must
● Use must + have + past participle when you are sure about what happened.

It must have been very difficult to live without computers in the past.
May/might/could
● Use might / may / could + have +past participle when you think it is possible that something happenedbut
you‟re not sure.
She might’ve told him about the accident, I‟m not sure..
They may not have understood you properly; she did the opposite!
Can’t/couldn’t
● Use can‟t or couldn‟t have + past participle when you are sure it is not possible that something happened.
He can’t have known that the pool closed at 7pm or he would be here by now.They
couldn’t have arrived before us because they didn‟t leave until 6pm.

Would + infinitive for talking about past habits

Would/wouldn’t
● Use would + infinitive to talk about past habits and typical behaviour in the past.

My grandmother would tell me a story every night before I went to bed.His
brother wouldn’t ride a bicycle very often.
● Don‟t use a hyphen if the compound adjective follows the noun it describes.
Smart phones are widely used all over the world.
The Arabic language is widely spoken in all the villages.

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